DESIGN
E-MOBILITY: E-TRACTORS
Figure 1. ISObus can enable the integration of sensors and implements from diverse makers into a plug-and-play system. (Image source: Photo by Kinwun via Getty Images)
of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculture and agriculture-re- lated activities, and one tractor is equal in emissions to 14 cars), e-tractors can significantly reduce fuel costs. E-tractors are currently limited to smaller models as large, high-power e-tractors require battery packs larger than the size of the conventional tractor they would replace. Large e-tractors also weigh more, resulting in increased undesirable soil compaction. Finally, charging times for large battery packs are too long to be practical in an agricultural operation. Smaller e-tractors
connectors, communication protocols, and operational guidelines and enables the development of interconnected sensor and control systems from different makers (Figure 1). ISObus also supports the electrification of tractor implements, including electrically driven mechanical power take offs (PTOs) and high voltage connectors rated for up to 700 volts (V) and 100 kilowatts (kW) to power electrically driven implements. The ISObus is evolving to develop a tractor implement management (TIM) system. As envisioned, the advanced version of the ISObus will enable implements to provide feedback to the tractor, supporting the optimisation of the combined tractor/ implement system. It will also allow higher levels of sensor integration on implements supporting precision farming. The tractor will provide location awareness, and the combined system will continuously gather data about the soil and crop conditions. With more detailed insights, yields and sustainability can both be increased. E-tractors, retrofits, and autonomous tractors E-tractors are beginning to appear. In addition to reducing emissions (a quarter
Figure 2. Small e-tractors with motors from 25 to 70 HP are being tested and ready for deployment. (Image source: Photo by brizmaker via Getty Images)
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